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What's the difference between masked language modeling (BERT) and causal language modeling (GPT)?

BERT and GPT split on one decision made before a single weight is trained: what does each token get to see? That choice cascades into attention, use case, and why one family now dominates. Here is the answer.

Updated Aug 2026 · Grounded in real Applied AI Engineer interview loops and written to a senior-engineer editorial bar.

BERT and GPT split on one decision made before a single weight is trained: what does each token get to see? That choice cascades into attention, use case, and why one family now dominates. Here is the answer.

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