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System Design for AI in Production / 40

Design a real-time bidding (RTB) system for online ads.

Predict, value, and bid on a single impression in about 10ms, billions of times a day. The signal is the pCTR-to-bid pipeline under a brutal latency budget, plus why calibration and budget pacing decide whether you make or lose money.

Updated Aug 2026 · Grounded in real Applied AI Engineer interview loops and written to a senior-engineer editorial bar.

Predict, value, and bid on a single impression in about 10ms, billions of times a day. The signal is the pCTR-to-bid pipeline under a brutal latency budget, plus why calibration and budget pacing decide whether you make or lose money.

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