pii

The CISO-facing question that sinks engineers who only think about model quality. The signal is treating governance as architecture, not a checkbox: minimization, isolation, auditability, and never training on customer data by default. Here is the framework.

Detection is imperfect, so the strong answer is layered: regex with checksums for structured PII, ML/NER for the unstructured PII regex cannot see, and a frank account of why you never rely on redaction alone. Here is the answer.

LLM apps leak secrets in three quiet places: the prompt, the logs, and the next training set. Each needs a different control. Here is how to close all three.