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Quantization and Low Precision

Quantization stores and computes model weights (and activations) in fewer bits, FP16/BF16, FP8, INT8, INT4, instead of FP32, cutting memory and speeding inference at some accuracy cost. It is the main lever to fit a large model on a given GPU and to serve it cheaply, and it underlies QLoRA fine-tuning and KV-cache compression. Applied-AI interviews probe it because 'how do you serve a 70B model affordably?' usually starts with quantization, and knowing the precision ladder and its trade-offs is essential.

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